Buying a Mountain House
How To Do It and What To Look For

By Micah Olsen

Happy Mountain Home


Introduction

OK, so you've decided that mountain living is for you. Ideally, you've rented a mountain house and lived in it for a while (though these can be tough to find), or at least read my page on Mountain Living. So now what?

I realized only after we bought our first house that we got pretty lucky. There were a lot of pitfalls that we thought to check that are unique to buying in the mountains. However, there were also a number that we missed and that could have cost us. I've put this page together to help people ask the right questions about the homes they see to help make sure they know what they're getting into and to offer tips to help them settle in after they buy. This page is especially targeted for people living in the San Francisco Bay Area who want to live in the Santa Cruz Mountains (the western mountain range) as there are a number of specific things to look out for in that area that may not be obvious if you've just lived in the valley. However, much of the page may be of use to anyone who wants to live in a mountainous area. If you're considering buying a house in the mountains somewhere, I hope this page is helpful.

Note: there is some overlap with Mountain Living, but I've tried to minimize it.


Step 1: Decide on a Neighborhood

The first thing you need to decide is the neighborhood you want to live in. Many people just think of the mountain area as a homogenous unit, but there are a lot of differences. Here are some things to consider to help decide which area(s) you want to live in.

Visit the Neighborhood

I would suggest you visit the home at least three different times:

Fog

Different sections of the Santa Cruz Mountains get vastly different amounts of fog. For example, the area near Highway 92 x Skyline Blvd. gets a lot of fog. Where we are, further south and higher up, there is much less. If you drive down Highway 280 often, you can get a rough idea of which parts of the mountains get the most fog, but you should still be careful using that as your sole guess. The 280-eyeball method will only give you a rough starting point since the fog may go around or through different sections of the mountain that you can't see.

Your best bet is to knock on some doors in the neighborhood you're considering and ask people. I want to stress this point: it's not enough to just gauge the amount of fog you would likely see by driving around the neighborhood a couple of afternoons. You really do have to ask residents because fog can vary from season to season and year to year. Some places get fog year-round every afternoon and evening, and many days, too. We got fog at times in the spring and summer (sometimes all day long), and more rarely during fall and winter. One year, though, we had fog throughout the day for most of the summer. Another year, we had almost none.

Also, be honest with yourself about how you and those who will be living with you feel about fog. I love fog, but other people hate it and get depressed if they don't get enough sun.

Kids

If you have kids, consider things from their perspective. Where can they play and will there be any friends nearby? Ideally, you should be on a side street that has other kids around. The worst location is to be located on a very busy, high-speed road with no sidewalks (like Skyline Blvd.) with few houses around. Would you want your kids walking and biking down such a road all the time just to get to a friend's house? Also, are there any areas around where they can play outside without you worrying about their falling off a cliff?

In addition, check out the school. Besides the usual questions you should ask about the quality of the school, how far away is it? How will your kids get there?


Step 2: Check Out the House

Since there are so few homes available in the mountains you will probably either have to be very patient, or find a number of neighborhoods you like and look at houses in all of them. Once you've decided on a rough location the next step is to find a house you like in the neighborhood.

A common piece of advice heard when buying a home is to hold out for the perfect house. After all, if you find a house you kind of like, there are so many homes in every neighborhood that you should soon be able to find a home for sale that's a better fit. Do not assume this situation is the case in the mountains; there are too few homes around. Instead, make sure that if the home isn't exactly what you want, the parts you don't like can be changed.

Here a few things to consider about your future dream home. Most of these items apply equally well if you're buying a lot and will custom build your home.

Sun

Much more so than in the valley, you need to think about how much sun you want around your house. It's very common to have houses surrounded by tall redwood trees, which means you will be living in an area that is cold, dark, and damp. If you see such a house, make sure that there's enough light in the house for you. Skylights can make a dramatic difference. Visit the house in the daytime, and walk through the house with the lights off.

In other places, the homes are built in fields with no trees around. Here, you will have non-stop sun beating down on you every day. The house will get a lot hotter in the summer, and might be very bright. Especially if you're a late riser or sensitive to light and heat, you should check where the bedrooms are located relative to the rising sun.

Think twice before buying a house built on a Northern slope.

Insulation

Regardless of the amount of sun your house gets, it will need more insulation than a valley house. Summers can be much colder or hotter, and winters can be much colder. Depending on your elevation, you may have to deal with ice and snow occasionally in the winter. Unfortunately, some architects don't realize they should account for these temperature differences, and design as if they're building for the mild valley weather.

There are a number of tests you can do to figure out if the house is properly insulated. First, ask to see a year or two's worth of heating bills. Make sure to ask how much of the house was heated, how often, and with what. For example, many people aren't home on workdays, and thus don't heat the house during the day. Some people use space heaters during the day or night to only heat a portion of the house. Some people use a lot of firewood. Also, try feeling the walls on a cold/hot day to guess how well they keep the heat in/out. Look under the house to see how much insulation there is under the floor. Look at the topology of the house: large open spaces with tall beam ceilings mean large drafty spaces to heat.

Check the windows, too. Many homes have old single-pane windows and metal frames. If the home has a lot of windows and sliding glass doors with this older design, the home will be very drafty. Heavy curtains can help.

Window Directions

Check which way the rooms face. Do they have a view? If so, hopefully the view is in rooms you'll use a lot. Do they face towards a road? If so, and if the road is busy, you'll get a lot of noise. Do the rooms face south? They'll get more sun if they do. If the master bedroom faces south or east, then, depending on tree placement, you may get a lot more sun and heat in the mornings than you want (again, especially if you're a late riser).

Nowadays, you may also want to see if the property has a clear view of the southeast sky. You'll need one if you want to install one of the new digital satellite dishes. Many mountain homes don't have cable, and those that do are more likely to have more problems with service and fewer stations than people in the valley.

Propane Usage

Homes in the mountains will usually not have natural gas delivered to them, but they should have a propane tank and appliances. The more appliances that use propane the better: it's a lot cheaper. At minimum, you should have a propane furnace and water heater. (If they are electric, watch out: your electric bill may be astronomical.) The home may also have other propane appliances such as a propane dryer, stove, and room heater. Again, the more appliances that use propane, the better.

You should also look at the efficiency of the appliances, especially for the furnace. Older appliances will be less efficient. If your furnace is inefficient, you'll pay very high heating bills. The ideal is to have a new 90%+ efficiency furnace, but these require a more complicated installation with extra pipes for a drain and vent, and are more expensive.

Also, the power goes out in the mountains much more than in the valley and for much longer periods of time, so you should find out what propane appliances can be used without electricity. Your furnace is probably not going to be available, but propane burners can be lit with a match, propane water heaters will still work if they use a pilot light instead of electronic ignition, and some propane room heaters are designed to work without electricity.

If you do use propane (or natural gas), having a carbon monoxide detector is a must.

Earthquakes

I'm not a structural engineer, but I have to say that an awful lot of the homes I've seen don't look like they would be safe in an earthquake. Many home up in the mountains are built on steep slopes, and often the supports for them don't look at all sturdy to me. If you consider buying such a home, be sure to have a structural engineer look at it first.

Weathering

Many mountain homes are designed so that you will usually only walk around the front of the house and rarely walk to the side or back of the house. Thus, sellers often will fix up the front of the house and neglect the back and sides. They may even power wash the front of the house so that the siding looks a lot newer and in better shape than it really is. Before you buy a house, circle it and examine the state of the siding, especially the direction that the weather comes from (which is usually from the west on the West coast). Ask whether they have power washed the house recently or applied any weather proofing. If you know when the sellers last cleaned up the outside of the house (or when the house was built if they never did something), you can gauge how much the weather affects the house. As a buyer, it's preferable if they didn't clean up the siding recently so you can make this gauge. For example, we saw one home that was three years old, but the wood siding looked about 10 times that old due to heavy fog and rain. I decided not to bid on a house that would require so much external maintenance just to keep it from rotting away in only a few years.

Another part of the house to closely examine for rot is the decks. Look above and below to see how well the decks have lasted. Think about whether rain runoff would drain quickly or accumulate in corners. If the decks are covered with something, peel off a corner or two, and check the wood underneath. If the decks are partially or completely new, especially if the house isn't that old, be suspicious and ask about it.

Also check the gutters. Run a hose on the roof to make sure that the drainpipes haven't rotted through. Also look in them to see if water is standing in them, which might indicate they are clogged or weren't installed correctly. Standing water will attract mosquitoes and rot the pipes. If the roof has a lot of debris on it or many redwood trees near it, the pipes will likely clog every year with vegetable matter.


Step 3: Check for and Get Rid of Critters

Before you buy your house, you need to make sure that you won't be sharing your house with other creatures. After you buy your house, you need to make sure you don't get any new residents, and, if you want to grow anything, you also need to make sure that what you grow doesn't get eaten down to stubs. Here are the common critters you need to watch out for.

Wood-Destroying Pests

There are a number of wood-destroying pests that are in abundance up here. It's vitally important to get annual termite inspections and detect problems early. The few hundred dollars you spend on inspections every year to detect these pests early could save you many, many times that amount if you let the problem grow before detection. Our annual inspections always detect a few new problems even though we've tried to be careful. Here's what your inspectors will be looking for and what you can do to make your home inhospitable to these pests. Besides the above, there are wood-boring beetles and bees, but we've been lucky and haven't gotten them yet, and I don't know much about them. There are so many things that attack wood around here and protecting it is so high maintenance that if you're building a house in the woods, I'd recommend using as little wood as possible. Consider using a steel rather than a wooden frame. Also consider using stucco or some other material instead of wooden shingles for the outside of your house. A shake roof is just asking for trouble. An additional benefit of minimizing the amount of wood you use is that it will improve the odds that your house survives a forest fire.

Rodents

Mice and rats are another pair of creatures that abound in the woods, and they would love to live in your house. Mice only need a 1/4" hole to get in your house; rats, 1/2". They are capable of digging several feet down underground to get under your foundation (but, thankfully, they are unlikely to go to that much trouble). Once in, they will chew through electrical and phone wiring, chew up anything you store in your attic and garage, and burl and rip up your insulation. They will usually avoid going in the areas of the house that you frequent, unless they get very hungry.

Poison is not an adequate long-term solution, they soon figure out it's poison and stop eating it. However, it is a good idea to put out poison a few weeks before you try to seal the house to lower the population and soften up the problem.

We initially tried hiring "experts" to plug up our house, but we were not happy with the results even though there was a "guarantee". It's probably too much work and too tricky for anyone you hire to be as thorough as is required, unless the person is very dedicated. Thus, I suggest you plan on handling this task yourself.

If you work on the house yourself, you must seal any possible entrance with fine chicken wire and/or concrete; they may chew through anything less. Here are some tricky things to be aware of in your search to seal your house from rodents:

Once you think you've eliminated all the holes you can check your work later by (1) looking to see if fresh droppings appear (easiest to see if you have cleared areas earlier), and (2) putting out poison 3-6 months later and seeing if any of it gets eaten (rodents either forget or the next generation isn't taught).

We first hired a company that put in a lot of work, but couldn't find all the holes. We then spent several long sessions ourselves searching for holes and sealing them. Each time, we thought and found them all, and each time, the rodents proved adept at exploiting what we missed. Since our last long session, I've seen no sign of them, and it looks like we have finally succeeded.

By the way, the rats around here look like slightly bigger mice, not like the huge, nasty sewer rats you see in all the movies.

Deer

If you ever want to have a garden, you'll find that the deer around here are easily the most destructive force you'll encounter. The deer must have ancestors in common with goats; if they ever find almost anything you grow, even if it's native, they'll strip it completely very quickly. (Their attitude seems to be that if you planted it, it must be better than the usual junk they eat.) There are only three ways I've found to deter them: There's a population explosion of deer now, since the deer have no predators left. Maybe as we get more mountain lions, this problem will be taken care of.


Step 4: Post-Buying Purchases

After you buy your home, there a few things you may want to buy to ensure you are set up well. Some of these items are expensive, and if you decide you want them, you should factor in their costs before you buy the house.

By the way, if you hire anyone to install any of these items, expect any handyman to charge you more than you would pay in the valley, assuming they're even willing to come to your house. Because of the cost and because some jobs are trickier up in the mountains, it's even more important than in the valley to get competitive quotes and to check references. A web site that lists some of the businesses that operate up in the Bay Area mountains (but is by no means exhaustive) is The Santa Cruz Mountain Resources Page.

Coping without Power

Power is much less reliable in the mountains, and when the power goes out, it stays out longer. Our record so far is to be out of power for 5 days, but we're usually without power for 2 days at a time at least once each year. Brown outs and second-long losses of power are common. To cope with this situation, you should consider the following purchases. A couple of tips: if the power goes out when you're away and you want to know if it's come back on, a quick way to find out is to call up your house and see if the answering machine is back on and picks up. Also, if you buy an electric mechanical clock (which are getting increasingly hard to find…), when the power goes out when you're not around or asleep, you can look at it to determine when the outage started. If the power comes on before you're able to check, you can tell, by how far off the clock's time is from the current time, how long the power was out. (Mod 12 or 24 hours, of course.)

Preparing for Emergencies

What would you do in an emergency if the nearest help is a half-hour or more away? You should prepare for problems ahead of time with a few purchases. Many of these purchases should be in every home, but it's even more important to have them in the mountains.

For Your Car

Mountain drivers need special items in their car, especially if they commute.

Winterizing

As I've mentioned multiple times, the weather is much rougher in the mountains. Prepare for it.

Gardening

Many mountain homes tend to be surrounded by redwoods, and have much cooler growing seasons than surrounding areas. Thus, if you want to garden, you need to think about what is suitable for your climate.

Plants that need a lot of sun and heat are probably not a good bet. However, the weather here is strange enough that it's worth experimenting. If you want to try such things, make sure you get kinds that have a shorter growing season and are "indeterminate" (meaning the plants don't require a set amount of sun before flowering).

For best results, look around and see what grows well wild, and try to plant similar plants. Based on this criterion, I suspect that the best fruit, vegetables, and herbs to grow include berry bushes, strawberries, peas, sage, bay trees, and maybe nut trees.

There are two mail order nurseries I like for getting things that grow well in our area:

There's also a Santa-Cruz-Mountain gardening mailing list. You can subscribe by mailing to scmg-request@nocturne.boulder-creek.ca.us and post to scmg-l@nocturne.boulder-creek.ca.us.

Miscellaneous

There are several other miscellaneous items you should consider purchasing, if your house doesn't already come with them, that you may not think of right away.


Though there's a lot to consider when buying a mountain home, it's best when you know what you're getting into. Enjoy the experience, and enjoy living in your new home. Good luck!

 


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